• Common Type System (CTS).
• Common Language Specification (CLS).
• Common Intermediate Language (CIL) or Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL).
• Just in time compiler (JIT).
• Virtual Execution System (VES).

The CLR manages memory, thread execution, and code execution softly verification, compilation (common concept) and other system services for managed code.

The code that runs within the CLR runs in encapsulation and managed the environment, separate from another process on the machine.

The runtime enforces code compactness by implementing a strict type and code verification infrastructure called the CTS. CTS is a universal type system for the .NET framework.

In addition to defining all types, the CTS also stipulates the rules that the CLR fallows with regard to application declaring and using these types in the world of .NET everything in the CTS are an object.

Actually, not only is everything an object but even more importantly all objects, implicitly derived from a single base class defined as part of CTS. This base class called system object.

CLS ensures seamless interoperability between CLS compliant Language and Class Libraries.

Since the same .NET base class libraries shared between all programming languages.

Any software developer can take his or her knowledge of this library with him as he or she migrates from language to language.

Thus run time accelerate development language of chaise yet take full advantage of runtime. The class library component is written in other languages, other developers.

All .NET programs are compiled to an intermediate language MSIL files, rather than to native code which can be understood by the computer's processor.

This MSIL code is then compiler to native code either when the application is installed or when the application is run, which is then executed by

the machine processor since managed code is neighbor interpreted, thus run time enhance performance finally

the runtime can be hosted by high-performance server-side applications such as Microsoft SQL server and internet information services (IIS) .

This infrastructure enables us to use managed code to write our business logic while still enjoying the superior performance of the industry’s best enterprise server that supports runtime hosting.

NET Versions and CLR Versions

The runtime provides the following benefits:

• Performance improvements.
• The ability to easily use components developed in other languages.
• Extensible types provided by a class library.
• Language features such as inheritance, interfaces, and overloading for object-oriented programming.
• Support for explicit free threading that allows the creation of multithreaded, scalable applications.
• Support for structured exception handling.
• Support for custom attributes.
• Garbage collection.
• Use of delegates instead of function pointers for increased type safety and security.